Oliver Byrne's redrawing of Euclid in colour and shape, was published in 1847. See Tufte, op.cit., p.84 that Byrne discards the letter coding of geometry for a building set of coloured shapes which, when added on the page, can be seen to add up. The experiment was a laudable one but one which had no subsequent influence that I can discover. Apart from Mondrian and the De Stijl movement.

 
The First Six Books of Euclid with coloured diagrams, Pickering London 1847.
 
Byrne was a mathematician and Her Majesty's Surveyor of the Falklands Islands.
 
See also R.Maclean, Victorian Book Design and Coloured Printing, NY 1963.